Automotive Fender Design (BiW)

Fender is a part of a vehicle which frames a wheel and prevents from the sticky and hard substance such as mud, sand, rock, etc. Sticky materials such as mud may adhere to the smooth outer tire surface, while smooth loose objects such as stones can become temporarily embedded in the tread grooves as the tire rolls over the ground. These materials can be ejected from the surface of the tire at high velocity as the tire imparts kinetic energy to the attached objects. For a vehicle moving forward, the top of the tire is rotating upward and forward and can throw objects into the air at other vehicles or pedestrians in front of the vehicle. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface. Instead, flexible mud flaps are used close to the ground where contact may be possible. I have properly shown the Drip area, Sillmount area, A-pillar mount region and Bumper mount region.