3D modeling can be defined as a process of creating a digital 3D visualization of an object using specialized computer software, usually 3D CAD. The result is a 3D model, which conveys a visual representation of the object and information about its dimension, materials, textures, colors, and properties. A 3D artist can create models based on existing physical items or hypothetical objects.
3D visualizer services provide a powerful means of showcasing and explaining complex shapes, geometry, and designs. In the construction industry, 3D modeling is often used as an exploratory tool to demonstrate a proof of concept (PoC). Everything is done on a computer screen, so there is no real financial burden in the design development stage apart from the cost of the software and electricity. In fact, some of the best 3D architecture software, such as SketchUp and Blender, are available for free.
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3D modeling technology empowers architects, engineers, and designers to foster greater creativity and experimentation in their endeavors. It also helps them communicate building ideas or concepts more understandably and ultimately deliver better client services. Observing a 3D digital model of the architectural plan means the clients can get a realistic impression of the project and what it entails.
While it sounds like nothing extraordinary, proper visualization positively impacts the subsequent construction process. Architects and contractors can perform their jobs better if the clients are quick on the uptake. Given the complexity of most construction projects, 3D models become effective vehicles to carry all the parties involved on the same page throughout every phase of completion. Not every 3D model is created the same. Based on the intended context of your usage models and what the visualizations are for, several methods are used by 3D modeling design companies.
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Direct modeling
A “direct modeling” method creates a complex 3D model by combining and modifying multiple simple shapes. Because the process doesn’t have to follow any particular parameter, making changes by manipulating one or more shapes is not an overly complicated procedure. It is like a free-style 3D modeling, with which you can adjust the object quickly and easily.
Thanks to its “playful” nature, the method is best when you want to create 3D models for a photorealistic rendering of an architectural project. You can use the rendering as marketing material, an asset in a portfolio, or an entry in a design competition. Popular direct modeling software includes Blender and 3ds Max. Direct modeling is divided into two subtypes:
Polygonal Modeling
As the name suggests, the building block of a polygonal 3D model is a mesh of polygons. In geometry, a polygon is a flat 2D shape made of two or more straight sides that are fully closed (straight sides connect up). A polygon can be a triangle, quadrilateral, octagon, hexagon, or any simple and complex shape that does not have curved sides. The model’s level of detail depends on its polygon count. A low-poly model has a lower level of detail than its high-poly counterpart. Please note that there is no universally agreed-upon opinion regarding the exact number of polygons that separate low-poly from high-poly models.
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A low-poly generally refers to a 3D model created using the lowest number of polygons possible, typically used for gaming and AR/VR purposes, especially with a real-time rendering engine. A low-poly model looks rough around the edges on close-ups, but it is easier, quicker, and cheaper to build and render. A high-poly model offers a good level of detail. There is no limitation on how many polygons an artist can use for a 3D model. However, they usually stop as soon as they reach a point where adding more polygons brings no further improvement in the level of detail. A high-poly model is often used by 3d architectural rendering professionals to create the best photorealistic effect.
Spline Modeling
Splines are better than polygons if the 3D model requires complex, detailed curves. Spline refers to complex freeform 2D surfaces that cannot be easily defined using simple shapes like circles, ellipses, or arcs. One of the most popular tools for spline modeling is the lathe modifier. The typical process involves drawing a 2D outline of the object before converting it into a 3D object and then refining the edges using lathe tools on the software. A significant downside of the method is the inability to apply realistic textures to the final object. But it is possible to transform it into a polygonal model.
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Parametric Modeling
A direct opposite of the free-form technique is the parametric modeling method. It is a mathematical approach by 3D modeling firms to create and modify the object by introducing specific parameters. Each time you add a new set, the model is adjusted accordingly. The input parameters determine all features, elements, and the relationships between them. The best thing about parametric modeling is how it enables parametric design. It is the method most commonly employed by architects and engineers in the construction industry when they propose bold new ideas and explore creativity.
Before the modeling begins, they set the design goals and constraints, and the architectural concept (or model) is created to respond to those variables. Every new parameter is meant to yield the best possible design solution to meet the goals without exceeding the constraints. Since any alteration to a particular portion affects the entire model, they can see if the idea is plausible. Parametric modeling opens the door to creating a construction plan with undisputed precision.
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The catch is that it is a tedious process that requires unmistakably accurate measurements in the first place. It is difficult to tap into the method during the early stages of 3D modeling unless combined with direct modeling. A successful attempt at parametric modeling in the construction industry often results in avant-garde architectural design with unusual curves, lines, and complexity. It is so unique and distinctive that the style comes with its name: parametricism.
BIM (building information modeling)
BIM is the leading architectural and construction planning technology (building information modeling). Architectural BIM design services are a form of accurate visualization and data around every structural plan. For example, a BIM model of a house provides a 3D visualization of the building and the precise amount or type of material needed to construct every room. BIM also contains data about a project’s budget requirements and the estimated completion time. A BIM model also works as a simulation, allowing for automatic analysis of possible design iterations to meet pre-determined design goals.
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Architects can run simulations to test the building’s strength against natural disasters or whether the energy consumption meets the desired efficiency figures. Most BIM models are saved in the cloud for easy collaboration between architects, civil engineers, and designers. When the model receives new changes, the construction team consistently has access to the most recent version and is constantly updated with every development. BIM focuses more on the technical matters of construction rather than on the visualization side. The model is 3D and reasonably detailed but pales compared to a photorealistic render.
Point cloud modeling
Point cloud modeling is the most appropriate method for renovating or reconstructing a cultural heritage building. You do not create a 3D model from scratch but scan and use the existing structure as the reference point. Because the scanned image is not editable, it must be first imported into a digital environment and converted to either a 3D mesh or a BIM model.
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The main point of point cloud modeling is to gather information about the structure. Based on the information, architects can create a construction plan that does not interfere with any part of the building outside the project’s scope. For example, an interference check ensures a partial demolition task is well-isolated. The budget estimation also becomes more accurate if the renovated area cannot be done without demolishing and reconstructing a connected room.
3D printing
Although modern construction planning has primarily gone digital, physical models created by 3D printing design experts still play essential roles in the industry. Some clients prefer both digital and physical to virtual-only visualization. Physical models are now mainly used in large-scale residential or commercial projects and can be a critical component to help secure funding in a development project. The traditional method of making a physical mock-up is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Almost everything is done manually, including painting and finishing.
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A virtual 3D model can be converted into an STL file format compatible with additive manufacturing devices, specifically 3D printers. Given an accurate digital model in the right format, a 3D printer can build an architectural model of an entire building overnight with impressive accuracy. The only limitation is the choice of material because most 3D printers can only work with one type of printing material at a time. 3D printing bridges the gap between the physical and digital worlds, giving architects the necessary means to build precise models directly from their drawings.
How Cad Crowd can help
3D building models save time, effort, and money in creating accurate design plans for both architectural and mechanical engineering projects. In addition to all those saving benefits, properly drawn 3D models can effectively boost the designer’s reputation in the market too. It is a competitive market, and the only way to stay ahead is by producing flawless work.
3D visualization is always a great marketing piece to showcase designers’ ability to utilize modern tools and implement their architectural/engineering expertise in the real world. If you’re looking for a bit of help creating a 3D architectural model, connect with us today. We’ll connect you with the best 3D modeling professionals. Contact us today for a free quote.
