This post covers architectural symbols for 2D drawings and floor plans and how companies interpret them. Two-dimensional architectural drawings, such as floor plans, present a bird’s eye view of a construction project or an existing building. Looking at the image is like observing a house through a transparent roof. Some floor plans are technical because they represent objects using architectural symbols and annotations.
Many architectural symbols should look familiar to any experienced contractor and builder, but a typical homeowner may have difficulties deciphering the message. To create accurate and detailed floor plans, architects and designers often employ 2D drawing and floor plan design services, which help streamline the drafting process and ensure that the final floor plans effectively communicate the layout, dimensions, and features of the construction project. These services convey design concepts and intentions to contractors, builders, and clients.
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Architectural symbols for 2D drawings and floor plans
Common symbols on floor plans
In addition to showcasing room layout, one of the main points of a floor plan is to visually describe the structural elements of a building and the mechanical equipment to be installed. A typical floor plan contains images or symbols representing walls, doors, stairs, windows, electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems. There are also furniture and appliances, sometimes annotated to describe their functions. For the structural elements, the floor plan must include information about their dimensions.
Architects and designers often rely on floor plan design services to accurately draft and communicate these intricate details. These services allow for comprehensive and detailed floor plans that effectively capture the spatial organization, structural components, and mechanical systems within a building, thereby providing valuable guidance and clarity to builders, contractors, and homeowners throughout the construction or renovation process.
Although most floor plan designers use common architectural symbols when drawing a floor plan, there is no consensus on whether a particular symbol always refers to a specific object. Floor plan design professionals can use different symbols to represent the same object; what appear to be two distinct floor plans may belong to the same building. Since builders must understand the symbols to follow the instructions, every floor plan must include a legend. Some of the most commonly used floor plan symbols and their variations are as follows.
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Compass and scale
The compass used on floor plans is the same compass used on any map, and it defines the direction or orientation of the property. Some only indicate where the “north” is, while others provide cardinal points. The purpose is to let builders navigate the building without knowing the direction of the magnetic north.
As for scale measurements, most floor plans use double-ended arrows with the actual lengths of the object or area written in the middle. A curved double-ended arrow connecting two intersecting lines is the typical symbol to indicate the angle of two structural elements.
Walls
Since walls are the most common element, they have standardized symbols. Unless a wall is peculiar enough, for example, made of carbon fiber or a pile of books, there is no need to deviate from the consensus. Lines represent walls. Exterior walls almost always use thicker lines than the interior, but sometimes there is no apparent difference. Some designers use double solid lines to symbolize exterior walls.
Wall materials and finishes also have unique symbols. A wall made of concrete should look different from the same structural element made of brick or lumber. The same principle applies to wood, plywood, metal, or ceramic tile finishes. A spring-like pattern is a symbol for batt insulation, whereas the wireframe/mesh wire symbol represents rigid insulation.
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Doors
Architectural drafting services are essential for accurately representing doors in floor plans. Doors are depicted as gaps between walls, with curved arrows indicating swing direction and clearance. Perpendicular lines are skillfully utilized to illustrate door placement and its open position. Architectural drafting services ensure a consistent application of symbols while adeptly accommodating the unique variations that arise from different door types and operational mechanisms. Through this visual language, the design intent and functionality pave the way for builders and contractors to execute the construction precisely.
- The symbol for a typical three-hinge door uses two perpendicular lines, and it should appear like a right-angled triangle but without the hypotenuse (the longest side). In place of the hypotenuse is a double-ended arrow to show the direction of the swing.
- A symbol like the capital letter “M” represents a double door. It has two curved arcs; each arc starts from the top end of the parallel line and meets at the center.
- A bi-fold has a symbol that appears like a gable roof viewed from the front; one of the roof’s drip edges (either left or right) does not touch the corresponding pillar because the door is always indicated as open. The symbol for a double bi-fold door looks similar, but it has two separate pitches, and the distance between them shows where the door should meet when it is closed.
- There are many symbol variations for a sliding door. A frequently used symbol is a thin, jagged/straight line extending from two solid dark rectangles. The symbol resembles a horizontally-drawn longsword trainer with another guard positioned before the blunt tip. A double sliding door is represented by two longsword-like shapes facing each other horizontally.
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Most floor plan symbols depict the object as open, with dotted lines indicating the door’s opening or closing path. While 2D floor plans provide accurate layouts and dimensions, 3D floor plan rendering services offer additional benefits. These 3D renderings create an immersive visualization of the space, enhancing understanding of the design concept. By providing a dynamic view of architectural elements, furniture, and décor, 3D floor plan design services bridge the gap between technical drawings and the final built environment. These renderings improve design communication, facilitate informed decision-making, and enable the exploration of design options, contributing to well-designed and functional spaces.
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Window
A thin line connecting two tilted sports pedestals is a universal symbol for a basic window. However, various types of windows are also represented by different architectural symbols.
For example, the symbol for a garden window typically resembles the half-upper section of a triple patio door. A glider window appears like two tilted flag poles; the tips of the poles touch each other. The symbol for a casement window is similar to a regular window’s, but the thin line is raised just above the center.
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Stairs
Like everything else, stairs on a floor plan are seen from above. Most symbols for stairs resemble a series of attached geometric shapes (usually rectangles). The feature must be marked if the stairs have a return flight, 90-degree flight, or any variation. An arrow running across the length of the stairs indicates the direction of the staircase (up or down).
Landings are indicated by squares or rectangles larger than the rest of the stairs. A curved or spiral staircase resembles a cartwheel with spokes connected to the center pole.
Plumbing
Architectural planning and design services are essential in developing accurate floor plans, particularly for plumbing fixtures such as toilets, sinks, and showers. These services ensure that plumbing elements are correctly represented using industry-standard symbols and are strategically positioned for optimal functionality and aesthetics. Professionals also consider plumbing connections, space constraints, user experience, and building codes. Ultimately, architectural planning and design services transform floor plans into comprehensive blueprints that guide successful construction and implementation.
Appliances
The symbols representing appliances appear next to plumbing elements in kitchens and laundry rooms. The most common appliances include a stove, refrigerator, dryer, and washer. Each symbol is usually a simple outline of the item, viewed from above. Some architectural symbols are attached with abbreviations to explain their functions, for example, O or OV for an oven. Built-in appliances are displayed as shapes (usually rectangles) made of dotted lines to indicate hidden from view, such as inside a storage unit or under a cabinet. In such cases, a text to describe the name or functionality is a must.
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HVAC
Architectural drawing services are vital in creating floor plans that accurately represent HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. These services expertly depict hidden and visible HVAC components—such as air conditioning units and vents—using industry-standard symbols and annotations. While hidden elements are detailed on separate sheets, visible components are symbolized on the main floor plan. By providing clear visual representations and technical documentation, architectural drawing services guide the installation and maintenance of HVAC systems, ensuring effective design, comfort, and energy efficiency within the building. Engaging freelance HVAC design, 3D drafting & engineering services can further enhance the precision and efficiency of the HVAC system design process.
Since the symbols for heating, vents, and air conditioning elements are simple, they rely on annotation for identifications. For example, a heater is symbolized by a vertical rectangle with a diagonal line across the center and a “+” marking on the bottom right-hand corner; a return air vent is a stack of horizontal lines inside a horizontal rectangle.
Electrical
Electrical drafting and design services are essential for accurately representing electrical systems in floor plans. While complex wiring installations require dedicated electrical drawings with detailed routing and specifications, visible electrical components, such as switches and outlets, are represented on the main floor plan using standardized symbols. These services ensure precision in planning and installation, coordination with other building systems, and adherence to safety codes. Providing a comprehensive visual guide, electrical drafting and design services contribute to the success of construction and renovation projects, safety, and efficiency.
Every symbol has a small text written next to or under it to describe basic specifications like energy rating and wattage. A power outlet symbol may come with annotation regarding compatibility and working voltage.
Furniture symbols
Architectural sketch design services enhance floor plans by effectively using symbols to represent furniture and fixtures in context. For example, a simple circle or rectangle in a living room may signify a table, while placement and annotations clarify similar-looking symbols, such as desks and cabinets. These services provide valuable context and precise identification within the floor plan, enabling clear communication of design intent and successful floor layout implementation.
Common symbol abbreviations in floor plans
Abbreviations help identify the type and functions of an object in floor plans. Some of the most common are listed below:
| Floor plan abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| AC or A/C | Air Conditioner |
| BC | Bookcase |
| BV | Butterfly valve |
| CAB | Cabinet |
| CBD | Cupboard |
| CF | Concrete floor |
| CL | Closet |
| CLG | Ceiling |
| COL | Column |
| CW | Cavity wall |
| CT | Ceramic tile |
| DS | Downspout |
| DW | Dishwasher |
| EF | Exhaust fan |
| FD | Floor drain |
| GM | Gas meter |
| HTR | Heater |
| HW | Hot Water tank |
| KIT | Kitchen |
| LIN | Linen cupboard |
| LTG | Lighting |
| MSB | Master switchboard |
| O or OV | Oven |
| REFRIG or REF | Refrigerator |
| SD | Smoke Detector (SD might also refer to Sewer Drain) |
| SHR | Shower |
| WC | Water Closet (Toilet) |
| VP | Vent pipe |
| WD | Window |
| WH | Water heater |
| WR | Wardrobe |
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How Cad Crowd can help
Cad Crowd has access to a broad network of architectural design and 3d rendering designers that can assist you with your 2D drawing and floor plan design needs. Contact us today for a free quote.
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